Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often impacts executive functioning—key cognitive skills that regulate thoughts and behaviours.
These skills include:
- Attention: Staying focused on tasks
- Working Memory: Retaining and using information
- Planning & Organisation: Structuring tasks efficiently
- Impulse Control: Managing reactions and behaviors
Children with ADHD may struggle in school, at home, and in social settings due to challenges in these areas.
The Link Between ADHD and Executive Functioning
ADHD symptoms—impulsivity, hyperactivity, and inattention—stem from difficulties in executive function:
- Inattention: Trouble maintaining focus in class or during tasks
- Impulsivity: Frequently interrupting conversations or acting without thinking
- Hyperactivity: Difficulty staying seated or engaging in quiet activities
Understanding these connections helps in developing effective strategies for support.
Practical Tips for Improving Focus
- Minimise Distractions: Create quiet and clutter-free workspaces
- Break Down Tasks: Extensive tasks may seem overwhelming. Divide them into smaller, more achievable steps. This approach makes the overall task less intimidating and provides a sense of accomplishment as each step is fulfilled
- Incorporate Movement Breaks: For some kids, movement breaks or short physical activity bursts, like stretching or jumping jacks, might help improve focus and release extra energy.
- Positive Reinforcement: Focused behaviour should be praised and rewarded as part of positive reinforcement. Children can develop a sense of self-efficacy and be greatly motivated by positive reinforcement.
- Encourage Mindfulness and Meditation: Helps children regulate emotions and improve concentration
Strategies for Better Organisation
1. Establish Consistent Routines
Regular routines offer predictability and structure, which reduces the need for ongoing decision-making and improves organisation. A morning routine, an after-school routine, and a bedtime routine, all fall under this category.
2. Use Organisational Tools
Use bins, baskets, and labels to arrange belongings. This makes it easier for kids to find what they need and put things back where they belong. Use colour coding to keep school materials and homework organised.
3. Teach Time Management
Help kids learn how to structure their workload ranging from how time-sensitive a task is, and estimating how long chores will take. It can be helpful to use a calendar or planner to keep track of tasks and due dates.
4. Designate Spaces
Set aside specific spaces for homework stations, toy areas, and places to store coats and backpacks. This helps kids understand where things should be kept.
5. Model Organisational Behavior
Children learn by watching the adults around them. To explain the benefits, use your own life to demonstrate successful techniques.
6. Collaborating with Professionals: A therapist or psychologist may provide tailored strategies and assistance for the child and family, including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and other evidence-based interventions.
Improving focus and organisation in children with ADHD requires patience, consistency, and collaboration. By using these strategies and celebrating small victories, parents and educators can help children build essential life skills, boosting their confidence and success in daily activities.